At all stages of development of society, the formation of national economies, the formation of socio-cultural and spiritual horizons of any state, the problem of providing teachers, their rational use in the profession have always been the key, inexhaustible sources of improving the efficiency and quality of educational and research institutions. The profession of “teacher” is regulated in Ukraine, which is confirmed by the provisions of laws of Ukraine, bylaws.
Thus, the legal framework governing the professional activities of teachers is the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Education”, the Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education”, the Labor Code of Ukraine, the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of August 21, 2019 № 800 ” The issues of professional development of pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical workers “.
Ukraine Supreme Legal Council is the national registration body that regulates the procedure for access to the profession of “teacher” in Ukraine. As of today, registration at the USLC and receiving professional education are required for the following positions: “Assistant”, “Teacher”, “Senior Teacher”, “Associate Professor”, “Professor”.
On the way to the development of the information society and the knowledge society, quality education is one of the main factors of success, and the pedagogical worker is both an object and a driver of positive change. The teaching profession is one of the most widespread in modern society and is under special attention of the state. The state usually determines such criteria for admission to professional pedagogical activity as the employee’s degree in higher specialty (training program) and / or compliance of his professional qualifications with the system of requirements, which may take the form of a professional standard.
The positions of teachers can be held by persons who have a scientific degree and / or academic title, as well as in some cases, persons who have a master’s degree or educational qualification level of a specialist. The charter of a higher education institution may establish, in accordance with the law, additional requirements for persons who may hold the positions of teachers.
Teacher training programs contain components of psychological, pedagogical and practical training, and in many cases subject specialties, including teaching methods. On the continuum of lifelong learning of a pedagogical worker there are three main stages: starting formal education; the beginning of professional activity – induction, which must be accompanied by a set of special measures to promote the entry of the employee into the profession; continuous professional development.
Training of pedagogical workers is carried out in the specialties of knowledge 01 “Education / Pedagogy” and other specialties, if it is provided by the relevant educational programs and they meet the established requirements, for example, training in specialties 012 “Preschool education”, 013 “Primary education”, 016 “Special education”, 024 “Choreography”, 053 “Psychology” or 231 “Social work”. The professional qualification of a pedagogical worker may be awarded only to graduates of educational programs accredited in accordance with national legislation.
Acquisition of pedagogical education at certain levels of higher education presupposes successful implementation by a person of the relevant educational program, is the basis for awarding the appropriate degree of higher education, namely: professional junior bachelor, junior bachelor, bachelor; master’s degree; doctor of philosophy; PHD.
A professional junior bachelor is an educational-professional degree obtained at the level of professional higher education and awarded by an educational institution as a result of successful completion of an educational-professional program by the applicant. The volume of the educational-professional program of a professional junior bachelor on the basis of basic secondary education (after 9th grade) is up to 240 ECTS credits, including 120 ECTS credits for the integrated educational program of specialized secondary education corresponding to the field of knowledge and / or specialty.
A junior bachelor’s degree is an educational-professional degree obtained at the initial level (short cycle) of higher education and awarded by a higher education institution as a result of successful completion of an educational-professional program by a higher education institution, the amount of which is 120-150 ECTS credits.
A bachelor’s degree is an educational degree obtained at the first level of higher education and awarded by a higher education institution as a result of successful completion of an educational-professional program by a higher education applicant, the amount is 180-240 ECTS credits.
Doctor of Philosophy is an educational and the first scientific degree obtained at the third level of higher education on the basis of a master’s degree. The degree is awarded by a specialized academic council of a higher education institution or research institution as a result of successful implementation of the educational and scientific program and public defense of the dissertation. The volume of the educational component of the educational-scientific program of preparation of the doctor of philosophy makes 30 – 60 credits of ECTS.
Doctor of Science is the second scientific degree obtained by a person at the scientific level of higher education on the basis of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and provides for the acquisition of the highest competencies in the development and implementation of research methodology. The degree is awarded by a specialized academic council of a higher education institution or research institution based on the results of public defense of scientific achievements in the form of a dissertation or published monograph.
A person who has successfully completed the relevant educational program and passed the certification is issued a document of higher education at the appropriate levels. An integral part of the bachelor’s and master’s degree is the appendix to the European diploma, which contains structured information about the completed studies.
Persons who have taken the position of a pedagogical worker for the first time after graduation may be provided with support for their professional development in the format of one-year pedagogical induction. During this period, they must obtain an experienced mentor of the same or related specialty (subject specialty or specialization) from the same or another educational institution. The mentoring program is developed by the mentor together with the intern teacher, providing for various forms of professional development (mutual attendance of lessons, elaboration of relevant literature, etc.). It is obligatory for an intern teacher to attend one tutor’s lesson per week, taking into account the weekly teaching load, and for a mentor – on the basis of a mentoring program (for example, one intern teacher’s lesson, taking into account the weekly teaching load) and with a supplement for mentoring.
Continuous pedagogical practice is a mandatory component of the educational process of preparation of a higher or professional higher education applicant for the pedagogical profession. To accomplish this key task, the amount of practical training must be at least 30 ECTS credits within the compulsory part of bachelor’s programs (starting from the first year of study, in different educational institutions and different classes (courses)) and at least 30 credits (including master’s research) within the mandatory part of master’s programs (in different educational institutions and different classes (courses)). In the case of the implementation of educational programs in the dual form of education, the amount of practical training can be increased by combining theoretical training and practical work, starting from the second or third year of the bachelor’s degree.
The system of quality assurance of pedagogical education in Ukraine consists of:
More detailed information on the national system of higher education can be found on the website of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.
To ensure the proper functioning of the “teacher” in Ukraine as a profession, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine represented by the relevant ministries, namely the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the national registration body represented by the Ukraine Supreme Legal Council, unions and independent governments organizations whose main activity is to assist teachers in the implementation of their professional tasks.
Acquired pedagogical education gives the person / holder of the relevant diploma the right to be recognized as a specialist in the field. In order to obtain the status of a teacher, a person performs a number of actions, the list of which includes the primary registration in the USLC. Registration in the USLC is a procedure according to which a person who has successfully completed the educational program and mastered the key criteria for mastering the profession, has the right to apply to the registration authority for official registration of their professional status in Ukraine.
USLC, as a registration body, conducts a relevant inspection of the documents submitted by a person for their compliance with applicable law and establishes the fact that has legal significance, namely provides REGISTRATION OF PROFESSIONAL STATUS.
As of 2016, there was no single registration body in Ukraine that would provide a proper service on the confirmation of professional competence in the relevant professional field, registration of proper legal registration of relevant rights and reflection of the disciplinary status of the person against whom the decision should be made.
Performance of functions of the registration body is provided by formation of the uniform structured base (Register) on a professional direction for the purpose of establishment of a universal way of confirmation of the declared information during employment, training, internship, etc.
The data of the register reflect information about the candidate, information about the acquired qualification, level of speech competence, registered right of professional activity in Ukraine, as well as other important information. The path of a person who has expressed a desire to become a teacher is quite difficult and consists of a number of steps. Let’s consider in more detail.
Step 1.
Completion of school or college. Students can receive a full general secondary education in secondary and specialized schools, boarding schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, colleges and other general educational institutions with a third level of education. Complete general secondary education can also be provided by vocational and higher educational institutions of I-II levels of accreditation. Persons who have passed the state final attestation are issued a certificate of complete general secondary education. Graduates who have high academic achievements are awarded with a gold medal – “For high academic achievements” or a silver – “For academic achievements” and receive a certificate of complete secondary education with honors. Along with the certificate, an appendix to it is issued, which indicates the achievements of students in learning in points. 11th grade graduates who are not certified in at least one subject are issued a report card, in which such subjects are recorded “not certified (for)”. After graduation, graduates write an External Independent Assessment (a written exam in the form of a test in one or more of their chosen subjects required for admission to a higher education institution) in the subjects required for admission to a higher education institution. Subjects vary by the university itself, according to the requirements for admission.
Registration and preparation for external independent evaluation. Ensuring external independent evaluation is carried out by the Ukrainian Center for Educational Quality Assessment – in cooperation with local education authorities, regional institutes of postgraduate pedagogical education and educational institutions. A person who has completed or will have completed general secondary education in the current academic year and has registered in accordance with the established requirements may take part in the external assessment. To successfully register for an external independent evaluation, you must create and issue a registration card, create a set of registration documents and submit it to the person responsible for registration in the educational institution (for school leavers, students of vocational schools and colleges who are graduating this year, completing general secondary education) or send it to the relevant regional center for the evaluation of the quality of education (for graduates of previous years). The set of registration documents must contain:
The registration card must be generated using a special service “Register“. To enter the faculties of higher education institutions, it is necessary to pass an external independent examination in such subjects as Ukrainian language and literature, English language, mathematics or history of Ukraine. For more information on conducting an external independent evaluation, see the link.
Getting results. The result of the EIT is reflected in the certificate of the established sample, which provides information about the completed items and points obtained. External independent evaluation results are credited as entrance exams to a higher education institution. The average score of the document on complete general secondary education is also taken into account during the competitive selection to the university.
Step 2
Principles of entry. The admission campaign to higher education institutions of Ukraine begins every year in June with the EIT of school graduates. Admission is based on available rating points, which are defined as the sum of points obtained by tests of external independent assessment, the average score of the certificate and additional points for outstanding academic achievements (winners of All-Ukrainian Olympiads, competitions of the Small Academy of Sciences, international competitions, etc.). Ukrainian entrants have the right to apply for admission to higher education institutions in paper or electronic form. Acceptance of documents from applicants usually continues during July.
Collection and submission of documents. After the person has decided with the educational institution, it is necessary to submit a package of documents for obtaining the appropriate educational and qualification level, namely:
– Statement of the established sample (in paper form)
– The document of the state sample on full general secondary education (the document on the received educational and qualification level) and the appendix to it
– Certificate of EIT, with scores on subjects required by the university for admission
– Six color photos measuring 3 x 4 cm
– Document certifying the identity and citizenship of the entrant + copies 1, 2 and pages with a residence permit
– A copy of the identification code
– Military card (or certificate of enrollment in the conscription station) for male entrants
– Documents entitling to benefits
– Preparation of entrance examinations
Enrollment. Admission of entrants to study at the expense of the state budget and at the expense of individuals takes place in the first half of August. The conditions of admission to higher education institutions approved by the Ministry of Education and Science can be viewed at the following link.
Step 3.
Training and internship. While studying at a higher educational institution, a person may undergo an internship in private and public organizations and structures.
Step 4.
Obtaining a diploma. A person who has successfully completed the relevant educational program and passed the certification is issued a document of higher education at the appropriate levels. An integral part of the bachelor’s and master’s degree is the appendix to the European diploma, which contains structured information about the completed studies. Assignment of educational and professional qualifications of a pedagogical worker should be carried out based on the results of a single state qualification exam at the final stage of training at the appropriate educational level. Graduates of the master’s degree should be awarded the qualification of a profile high school teacher according to the methodology and the program of certification of primary level teachers.
Step 5.
Registration in USLC. The person fills in the application for registration of the established sample and the questionnaire. After that, the USLC sends a list of documents, scans of which must be provided. The application is processed by specialists within 10 working days, as a result, the correspondence and authenticity of the submitted documents is established by the Department of Registers, which provides support in order to include the person in the relevant Register in the relevant professional field.
Inclusion in the register and creation of an office. Confirmation of teacher registration is the document Registration Authority Certificate. The next step is to include a person in the Register and create an electronic office of a professional, with the provided access keys. The result of the inclusion of a person in the ERDPS is a document: Certificate of Registration Professional Status.
Step 6.
Certification training. Teachers are obliged to constantly improve their skills. The amount of in-service training for teachers over five years may not be less than six ECTS credits. The forms and content of professional development should be aimed at the formation of professional competencies defined by the professional standard. Yes, there are:
1) initial professional training: master or specialist (for the positions of “Assistant”, “Teacher”, “Senior Teacher”); Doctor of Philosophy (Candidate of Sciences), Doctor of Arts (for the positions of “Assistant”, “Teacher”, “Senior Teacher”, “Associate Professor”, “Professor”); Doctor of Science (for the position of “Professor”).
2) advanced training with the assignment of a new level of education: obtaining the scientific degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Arts (for persons with a master’s degree (specialist)); obtaining the degree of Doctor of Science (for persons with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy).
The traditional type of in-service training is training in educational institutions that have a license for in-service training or conduct educational activities under an accredited educational program, involves the acquisition of new and / or improvement of previously acquired competencies within a professional activity or field of knowledge and may end with professional and / or or the award of partial educational qualifications, and its results do not require separate recognition and confirmation. Other types of professional development of teachers include internships, participation in certification programs, trainings, seminars, workshops, seminars-meetings, seminars-trainings, webinars, master classes, etc. A prerequisite for recognizing the results of other types of professional development is a description of the acquired new and / or improved previously acquired competencies and achieved learning outcomes, commensurate with the time spent on it. The decision to recognize the results of other types of professional development of heads of educational institutions and their deputies takes effect after approval by the founder of the institution. With regard to internships, the acquisition by teachers of practical experience in performing professional tasks and responsibilities from the best pedagogical staff (mentors) should be considered a priority type of professional development and include certification of interns in the form of lessons or other educational activities.
Further training through informal education is allowed for mentors, certified teachers and teachers who have the highest pedagogical category, degree and / or academic title. The self-education program with a description of the planned to acquire new and / or improve previously acquired competencies and achieve learning outcomes commensurate with the planned time is subject to prior approval by the academic or pedagogical council, which further appoints a commission to certify learning outcomes and decide on their recognition. positive conclusion of this commission. Financing of advanced training in the format of informal education is carried out on the basis of the decision on recognition of learning outcomes and takes into account the costs of the commission for certification.
Step 7. Access to a specialized profession
According to the law, persons who have obtained higher, professional higher education or professional (vocational) education in another specialty and who have not been awarded the professional qualification of a pedagogical worker, may be appointed as a pedagogical worker for a period of one year and pass certification in a higher education institution or postgraduate education or an appropriate qualification center.
They can also obtain the second (master’s) level of higher education in the pedagogical specialty under the abbreviated program, which provides for the appropriate recalculation of previously obtained credits and learning outcomes.
HOW TO GET ACCESS TO A REGULATED PROFESSION ABROAD?
The provisions of the national legislation of each state determine the conditions of access to the profession. In order to carry out practical activities, a teacher abroad must confirm the obtained educational qualification and ensure compliance with the additional requirements of the selected country.
Labor or educational immigration is accompanied by the need to ensure compliance, for example, with the requirement of recognition of education received abroad, passing a qualifying examination or having professional experience. The result that indicates access to a regulated profession is obtaining a permit – a certificate confirming the right of a person to conduct professional activities or a license to engage in practical activities. There is a general process of access to a regulated profession that aims to obtain such a document.
Each country has a Registration Authority that issues permits, ensures that candidates’ qualifications meet educational and professional standards, and coordinates qualification and state exams. The first step to obtaining a permit to carry out a professional activity is to select a person of the country, to get acquainted with the requirements for a regulated profession and to determine the Registration Authority regulating its activity.
When applying to the Registration Authority, a person fills in and submits an application form for obtaining a permit to carry out professional activities. After that, the candidate will be provided with a list of documents required for submission to obtain a permit to carry out professional activities. The first point will be the provision of recognized educational documents obtained abroad.
The process of verifying educational documents is an important step in gaining access to a regulated profession. The procedure is carried out by the Verification Organizations or their authorized structural subdivisions. Paying attention to the fact that each country has its own Verification Organizations, we suggest you read their list at the link ENIC-NARIC.
Verification, as a procedure, includes verification of such documents as diplomas, documents on postgraduate education, certificates of advanced training. In addition, information on the experience gained and other documents related to professional activities are checked.
In order to carry out the procedure, the Verification Organization needs certificates and documents containing information on the content and duration of education within which the foreign educational qualification was obtained. List of documents required for submission to the Verification Organization:
A person can submit documents by sending the originals by mail, or ordering such a service online. For online verification, documents (scanned copies of originals) can be uploaded to a private electronic profile. After downloading, the candidate is sent an invoice to pay for the service or, in the case of mail, the documents are sent together with confirmation of payment.
Recognition of education received abroad is a confirmation by the Verification Organization of the quality of foreign educational qualifications. The process aims to determine the equivalence of educational programs by establishing the authenticity of documents, confirming the status of the educational institution, educational program.
To comprehensively verify and establish equivalence, a foreign verification organization makes a request to the National Information Center for Academic Mobility of Ukraine to determine the fact of education, status and level of accreditation of an educational institution, generalized average score, comparison of curricula, etc. As a result, the Verification Organization issues an opinion recognizing foreign education as equivalent to the country’s educational standards. In case of non-compliance of certain items, the document confirms the information about the existence of differences in educational programs, which should be compensated by additional training or courses.
After successfully obtaining the conclusion of the Verification Organization on the recognition of education and establishing its equivalence, the conclusion of which is transmitted to the Registration Authority, the next step is to confirm knowledge of a foreign language of a certain level. The list of language exams, their structure, cost, dates and the possibility of preparing for them can be found at the link.
It should be noted that the Registration Authorities have set certain requirements, such as a minimum passing score. In addition, the results of some international language exams are valid for a limited time.
The qualifying examination aims to test the professional competencies of the candidate required for practical skills. Such an examination is intended to assess the level of preparation of the candidate for his professional activity.
In addition, other requirements of the Registration Authority may include: an examination of knowledge of the laws of the country, practical experience within a certain period, a certain number of hours worked, a license to operate in the country of origin of the candidate, and so on.
The result of confirmation of successful fulfillment of the necessary requirements of the Registration Body is the issuance of a permit for professional activity. This stage is accompanied by finding an employer and obtaining a visa or workpermit.
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